As with many pan-African strategies and frameworks, past and present, the bottleneck is with implementation. Perhaps an aspect that is not well understood is why African leaders will approve the development and implementation of a strategy, but do not provide or allocate enough funding to support its implementation at country or regional levels.
Nwaka, 2021, Social and Technological Innovation in Africa: Sustaining a Post COVID-19 Research for Development, p. 4
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Amankwah-Amoah and Debrah, 2014, Air Afrique: the demise of a continental icon, in: Business History
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Isoun and Isoun, 2013, Why Run Before Learning To walk: Reflections On High Technology As A Strategic Tool For Development In Nigeria
Sagna, et al., 2013, A History of the Internet in Senegal (1989-2004) (University of Oregon)
Akpan, 2011, ‘”Local” Knowledge, “Global” Knowledge, “Development” Knowledge: Finding a New Balance in the Knowledge Power Play’, in: South African Review of Sociology
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Kahn, et al., 2004, Flight of the Flamingos: A Study on the Mobility of R&D Workers: a Project by the Human Sciences Research Council in Partnership with the CSIR for the National Advisory Council on Innovation
Owen Sichone, 2003, ‘The social sciences in Africa’, in: The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 7, the modern social sciences
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza and Ibulaimu Kakoma (eds.), 2003, In Search of Modernity: Science and Technology in Africa
Elmandjra, 2000, ‘Changing priorities, constant values’, in: Journal of Future Studies
Jeggan Colley Senghor, 2000, Science and Technology Policy in Africa
1990-2000
Bounemra, et al., 1999, ‘Science and technology in Africa’, in: African Renaissance: The New Struggle
Ha-Joon Chang, 1998, Evaluating the current industrial policy of South Africa’, in: Transformation
Mwamadzingo, 1997, ‘Science and technology for sustainable industrial growth in Africa: the prospects for institutional cooperation’, in: Mwega and Seshamani, Economic Management in Sub Saharan Africa: Lessons from the 1970s and 1980s and Prospects for the 1990s and Beyond, pp. 109-117
*Obadiah Mailafia, 1997, Europe and Economic Reform in Africa: structural adjustment and economic diplomacy. “Germany and the cobalt question” pp. 203-205.
Ali A. Mazrui and J. F. Ade Ajay in collaboration with A. Adu Boahen and Tshishiku Tshibangu, 1993, ‘Trends in philosophy and science in Africa’, in: General History of Africa volume VIII: Africa since 1935
1980-1990
Adebayo Adedeji and Jeggan Colley Senghor, 1989, Towards a Dynamic African Economy: Selected Speeches and Lectures 1975-1986, chapter 9, science and technology
Elungu, 1987, Tradition africaine et rationalité moderne
Pierre Kipré, 1986, ‘Science, technique et developpement en Afrique Noire’, in: Décolonisations et nouvelles dépendances: Modèles et contre-modèles idéologiques et culturels dans le Tiers-Monde
Ivan Van Sertima, 1986, Great African Thinkers: Cheikh Anta Diop
Sidiki Diakite, 1985, Violence technologique et développement
Ivan Van Sertima, 1983, The Lost Sciences of Africa: an Overview
Ivan Van Sertima (ed.), 1983, Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern
Ali A. Mazrui, 1978, Political Values and the Educated Class in Africa
Nafziger, 1967, Nigerian entrepreneurship: a study of indigenous businessmen in the footwear industry (University of Illinois)
Science Think Tank 